Constructed wetlands’ application for flower farms wastewater treatment in developing countries: Case study in Kenya

Abstract

Constructed wetlands are engineered systems designed and constructed to utilize natural processes involving wetland vegetation, soil, and microbes for wastewater treatment. These systems have been extensively researched and found to be effective in the treatment of different types of wastewater. Constructed wetlands offer a preferred alternative for wastewater treatment in developing countries that lack advanced wastewater treatment technologies. Here we explore how the application of constructed wetlands is a sustainable option for wastewater treatment in Kenya's horticultural industry. We look at how this technology has been successfully applied in Naivasha flower farms’ wastewater treatment in Kenya. This chapter describes the justification of utilizing constructed wetlands in Naivasha flower farms. It also highlights why constructed wetlands application is a feasible technology in Naivasha flower farms’ wastewater treatment in relation to other advanced technologies. Furthermore, social, economic, and environmental benefits derived from the utilization of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in Naivasha flower farms are discussed. In addition, characteristics of constructed wetlands that make it easier for their applicability and adaptability in the Naivasha flower farms is explored.